2. Naves M, Díaz-López JB, Gómez C, et al. Prevalence of osteoporosis in men and determinants of changes in bone mass in a non-selected Spanish population. Osteoporos Int 2005 16:603-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-004-1727-x
.
3. Kannegaard PN, van der Mark S, Eiken P, et al. Excess mortality in men compared with women following a hip fracture. National analysis of comedications, comorbidity and survival. Age Ageing 2010 39:203-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afp221
.
8. Sherrington C, Fairhall N, Wallbank G, et al. Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community: an abridged Cochrane systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2020 54:885-91.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101512
.
9. Bolam KA, van Uffelen JG, Taaffe DR. The effect of physical exercise on bone density in middle-aged and older men: a systematic review. Osteoporos Int 2013 24:2749-62.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-013-2346-1
.
13. Kemmler W, Shojaa M, Kohl M, et al. Exercise effects on bone mineral density in older men: a systematic review with special emphasis on study interventions. Osteoporos Int 2018 29:1493-504.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4482-0
.
14. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ 2009 339:b2700.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2700
.
16. Lefebvre C, Manheimer E, Glanville J. Chapter 6. Searching for studies. In: Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions: Version 5.1.0. Chichester, UK: The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011.
18. Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2011 343:d5928.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d5928
.
19. GRADEpro GDT. GRADEpro guideline development tool [Software]. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University; 2015.
20. Higgins JPT, JDJ . Chapter 7. Selecting studies and collecting data. In: Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions: Version 5.1.0. Chichester, UK: The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011.
21. Cornell JE, Mulrow CD, Localio R, et al. Random-effects meta-analysis of inconsistent effects: a time for change. Ann Intern Med 2014 160:267-70.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/m13-2886
.
22. The R Development Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Version 4.0.3. Vienna, AT: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2020.
24. Allison SJ, Folland JP, Rennie WJ, et al. High impact exercise increased femoral neck bone mineral density in older men: a randomised unilateral intervention. Bone 2013 53:321-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2012.12.045
.
25. Allison SJ, Poole KE, Treece GM, et al. The influence of high-impact exercise on cortical and trabecular bone mineral content and 3D distribution across the proximal femur in older men: A randomized controlled unilateral intervention. J Bone Miner Res 2015 30:1709-16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2499
.
26. Kukuljan S, Nowson CA, Bass SL, et al. Effects of a multi-component exercise program and calcium-vitamin-D3-fortified milk on bone mineral density in older men: a randomised controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 2009 20:1241-51.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-008-0776-y
.
27. Kukuljan S, Nowson CA, Sanders KM, et al. Independent and combined effects of calcium-vitamin D3 and exercise on bone structure and strength in older men: an 18-month factorial design randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011 96:955-63.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-2284
.
28. Matthews J, Torres SJ, Milte CM, et al. Effects of a multicomponent exercise program combined with calcium-vitamin D(3)-enriched milk on health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms in older men: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2020 59:1081-91.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-01969-8
.
29. Woo J, Hong A, Lau E, et al. A randomised controlled trial of Tai Chi and resistance exercise on bone health, muscle strength and balance in community-living elderly people. Age Ageing 2007 36:262-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afm005
.
30. Bolam K, Skinner T, Taaffe DR. The effect of high-impact exercise on hip and spine bone density in community-dwelling middle-aged and older men: A 9-month dose-response randomised controlled trial. J Sci Med Sport 2013 16:E14-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.036
.
31. Whiteford J, Ackland TR, Dhaliwal SS, et al. Effects of a 1-year randomized controlled trial of resistance training on lower limb bone and muscle structure and function in older men. Osteoporos Int 2010 21:1529-36.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-009-1132-6
.
32. Helge EW, Andersen TR, Schmidt JF, et al. Recreational football improves bone mineral density and bone turnover marker profile in elderly men. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014 24:Suppl 1. 98-104.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sms.12239
.
33. Huuskonen J, Väisänen SB, Kröger H, et al. Regular physical exercise and bone mineral density: a four-year controlled randomized trial in middle-aged men. The DNASCO study. Osteoporos Int 2001 12:349-55.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980170101
.
34. Randers MB, Nielsen JJ, Krustrup BR, et al. Positive performance and health effects of a football training program over 12 weeks can be maintained over a 1-year period with reduced training frequency. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010 20:Suppl 1. 80-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01091.x
.
35. Alayat MSM, Abdel-Kafy EM, Thabet AAM, et al. Long-term effect of pulsed Nd-YAG laser combined with exercise on bone mineral density in men with osteopenia or osteoporosis: 1 year of follow-up. Photomed Laser Surg 2018 36:105-11.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/pho.2017.4328
.
37. McCartney N, Hicks AL, Martin J, et al. Long-term resistance training in the elderly: effects on dynamic strength, exercise capacity, muscle, and bone. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1995 50:B97-104.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/50a.2.b97
.
39. Harding AT, Weeks BK, Lambert C, et al. Effects of supervised high-intensity resistance and impact training or machine-based isometric training on regional bone geometry and strength in middle-aged and older men with low bone mass: The LIFTMOR-M semi-randomised controlled trial. Bone 2020 136:115362.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2020.115362
.
40. Harding AT, Weeks BK, Lambert C, et al. A comparison of bone-targeted exercise strategies to reduce fracture risk in middle-aged and older men with osteopenia and osteoporosis: LIFTMOR-M semi-randomized controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res 2020 35:1404-14.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.4008
.